Marine Engineering Knowledge (Steam)

• Marine Engineering Knowledge (Steam) - (EKS)- Class 4 MEO

• Marine Boilers

• Steam Theory and Rankine Cycle

• Heat Transfer and properties of fluid

• Phase Change

• Reversible and Irreversible processes

• Reversible work of compression or expansion

• Throttling, nozzles and mixing of streams

• Properties of Vapors

• T-s, p-h, p-v, h-s diagrams

• Saturation, dryness fraction and superheat

• Solid-Liquid-Vapor Transition

• Steam Vapor as working fluid

• Steam tables and fluid properties

• Throttling and separating calorimeters

• Mixture Steam and Water

• Air in condensers

• Vapour Power Cycles

• T-S Diagram and Charts for Steam Cycles

• The Carnot Vapour Cycle

• Rankine cycle

• Deviation of Actual Vapor Power Cycles from Idealized Ones

• Rankine Cycle's Increasing Efficiency, Ideal Reheat Rankine cycle, Ideal Regenerative Rankine cycle

• Cogeneration

• Rankine Cycle and Efficiencies

• Rankine Cycle (2)

• Turbine isentropic efficiency

• Regenerative Cycle

• Reheat Cycle

• Feed heating, thermal efficiency and cycles on T-s diagram

• Refrigeration Principles

• Reversed Carnot Cycle

• Coefficient of performance

• Main Boilers

• Boiler Design Features

• Principles of Boiler Design

• High Pressure Water Tube Boiler

• D-Type Boilers

• Drum Type WT Double Evaporation Boiler

• Babcock Wilcox

• Foster Wheeler

• Foster Wheeler ESD Boilers

• V2M-8 Main Boiler - Combustion Engineering

• Once Through Boilers

• Once-through Boiler Types

• Boiler Mountings

• Main Steam Stop Valve

• Feed check valve

• Automatic feed regulation

• Feed Control Valve

• High Pressure Systems

• Safety Valve and Relief Valve - Definition and Terms

• Low Lift Safety Valve

• Improved High Lift

• High Capacity (Full Lift) Safety Valve

• Maintenance of safety Valve

• Drum Mounted Gauge Glasses

• Tubular Water Level Indicator

• Reflex Level Gauge

• Bi-Color Gauge Glass

• Gauge Glass Operations

• Water Level Gauges Classification Riles (DNV-GL)

• Remote Level Water Level Indicators

• Modern Electronics for Remote WL Indicators

• Refractory

• Purposes of Refractory

• Types of Refractory and Reasons for Failure

• Application of Refractories in Boilers

• Failure and Care for Refractories

• Soot blowers

• Sootblowers for High Pressure Boilers

• Diamond Retractable Soot Blower

• High Pressure Boiler Design and its challenges

• Auxiliary Steam Boilers and associated steam plant

• Type of Boilers

• Cylindrical Scotch Boiler

• Cochran Vertical Boiler

• Cochran Spheroid Boiler

• Swirlyflo Spanner Boiler

• Package Boiler

• Coil type Package Boiler

• Aalborg AQ-series

• Aalborg AQ12

• Mitsubishi MC-Type

• Sunrod Oil Fired Boiler

• Water Tube Boilers

• Drum Type Water Tube Boiler

• Boiler Mountings (2)

• List of Boiler Mountings

• Cochran Vertical Boiler Mountings

• Safety valve

• Safety Valve and Relief Valve - Definition and Terms (2)

• Spring Loaded Relief Valve

• Boiler Safety Valve

• Classifications and Definitions

• Low Lift Safety Valve (2)

• Improved High Lift safety Valve

• Setting a safety valve

• Limitation of low lift safety valves

• High Capacity (Full Lift) safety valves

• Main Steam Stop Valve (2)

• Feed Water Valve

• Feed check valve (2)

• Water Level Gauge

• Type of WL gauges

• High-Low Level Alarm and Burner Cut-off Systems

• Actions for abnormal water level indication

• Feed Water System

• Feed Water System (2)

• Condensate Return system

• Combustion and Control

• Combustion Process

• Air Register

• Forced Draft system

• Types of Burner

• Water chemistry and Blowdown

• Boiler Water Treatment

• Boiler water testing and conditioning

• Recovery System - Waste Heat

• Composite Boilers

• La Mont Exhaust Gas Boilers

• Exhaust Gas Economizer

• Air Heaters

• Air Heater Rotor Seals

• Economizer

• Feedwater systems

• Open Feed Water System

• Closed Feed Water System

• Feed System Components

• Condenser

• DeaeratorDC Heater

• Air Ejector and Condenser

• HP and LP Feed Heaters

• Extraction Pump and Feed Pump

• BOILER FEED PUMPS

• Water Lubricated Feedpump

• Feedpump Operations and Safety

• Coffin Turbo Pump

• Evaporators

• Evaporator Types

• Construction, operation and characteristics of FW generator and Vaccum Evaporators

• Condensate Systems

• Condensers

• Types of Condensers

• Constructional Details

• Location and Working Principle

• Contraction and Expansion Allowances

• Condenser Cooling Water Circulation

• Leakage Detection and Tube Plugging

• Condenser Tube Failures

• Performance Check of a Condenser

• Condenser Materials

• Effect of Change of Temperature

• Change of Main Engine Power

• Condenser Surface

• Condensate Return system (2)

• Handling Exhaust Steam

• Fuel service systems

• Boiler Fuel Oil System

• Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger

• Rotary Pumps

• Filters and Strainers

• Auto Clean Filter

• Relief valves

• Quick closing valves

• Main Fuel System and Combustion

• Process of Liquid Fuel Burning in Open Furnace

• Refractory Materials in Boilers

• Boiler combustion process and equipment

• Air Register (2)

• Burners

• Steam Atomizer

• Combustion

• Combustion Process (2)

• Fuel Composition

• Fuel Grades and properties

• Calorific value

• Air-fuel ratio

• Fuel Air Ratio Definition

• Excess Air

• Volumetric analysis of combustion products

• Basics of Flue Gas Analysis and combustion efficiency

• Orsat Apparatus

• Carbon-Dioxide Recorder

• Stack Loss Method

• Exhaust Gas Analysis

• Combustion of Simple Hydrocarbon Fuels

• Example Problems- Combustion

• Boiler Water Chemistry

• Boiler Corrosion and Scale formation

• Corrosion in Boilers

• Internal Waterside Corrosion

• Combination of Electrolytic and Mechanical or Chemical attack

• External Fireside Corrosion

• Scale Formation in Boilers

• Boiler Water Tests on Board

• Treatment of Boiler Feedwater

• Internal Treatment

• Low Alkalinity Treatment

• Blowing Down of Boiler

• Action in the Event of Shortage of Water

• Pre-commissioning and Lay up Procedures

• Laying up Procedures of a Boiler

• Hydraulic Tests

• Boiler Automation and Control System

• Basic Control Theory

• Boiler Combustion Control System

• Burner Management System

• Safety System and Sequential Ignition

• Efficient Combustion

• Boiler Water Level Control

• Steam Temperature Control System

• Auxiliary Boiler Safety System

• Combustion Efficiency

• Orsat Apparatus (2)

• Carbon-Dioxide Recorders

• Stack Loss Method (2)

• Load Balance and FuelAir Ratio

• Dual Fired Boiler Automation

• Marine Steam Turbines

• Steam Engines History of Steam Power

• Improvement of Early Steam Engines

• Steam Engine in Transportation

• History of Multiple Expansion Marine Reciprocating Engines

• Description of the Power Plant

• Power and Efficiency of the Reciprocating Steam Engines

• Rise and Fall of Steam Turbines

• Steam Turbines for Sea Transportation

• The Demise of Steam Era at Sea

• Principles of Steam Turbine

• Practical Steam Cycles and Efficiencies

• Turbine Configurations and Compounding

• Steam Turbine Velocity Diagrams

• Principles of reaction and impulse turbines including compounding

• Nozzle steam velocity (excluding proof of critical pressure ratios)

• Force and work done on blades

• Use of Different Blade Stages

• Velocity diagrams for Impulse Turbines

• Velocity Diagram for Reaction Turbines

• Velocity Diagram- Example Problems

• Types of Steam Turbines

• Various Turbine Designs and Arrangements

• Multistage Arrangement of a Steam Turbine

• Turbine Constructional Features

• Nuclear Fueled Steam Propulsion

• Main Steam Turbines

• Stal-Laval cross-compound geared turbine

• Future of Steam Turbines

• Use Of steam turbine in a combined cycle

• COGES system

• Endnote on Marine Steam Turbine

• Turbine Materials

• Materials used in Various Components

• Rotors

• Casings

• Blading

• Gears

• Auxiliary Steam Turbines

• Auxiliary Steam Turbine Generators

• Constructional Details (2)

• Turbine Oil and Lube Oil system

• Gland Sealing System

• Safety Protection System

• Speed Governing System

• Turbo Generator Operation

• Cargo Pump Turbines

• Lubrication Systems

• Turbine Lube Oil Principles and Properties

• Selection and Properties of Lube Oil

• Categories and Specifications

• Turbine Lubrication Principles

• Turbine Gravity and Pressure Lubricating Oil System

• External Lubrication Oil System

• Internal Lubrication Oil System

• The Direct Shaft Drive Oil Pump

• Gravity Tanks

• Emergency Lube Oil Pressure Trip

• Monitoring the Lube Oil System

• Thrust Bearing

• Construction and Operation

• Journal Bearings

• Flexible Coupling

• Drive Systems

• Gears and Clutches

• Use of Gears

• Gear Teeth Design

• Lubrication

• Parallel gear Applications

• Epicyclic Gearing

• Application of Epicyclic Gearing

• Star Gear

• Planetary Gear

• Solar Gear

• Advantages Of Using Multiple Planets

• Epicyclic Gear Arrangements

• Clutches and Reversing Gears

• Reduction Gears

• Double Reduction Parallel Gears

• A Triple Reduction with Epicyclic Gearing

• Auxiliary Diesels

• Diesel Engine Principles

• Fundamentals of DE

• Terminology

• Cycle, Timing Diagram

• Power and Efficiency

• Types

• Conclusion

• Auxiliary Diesel Engine Features

• Constructional Features

• Advantages and Types

• Conclusion (2)

• Auxiliary Engine Systems

• Lubricating Oil System

• Aux Diesel Lube System

• Lubrication (2)

• Fuel Oil System

• Jacket Cooling Water System

• Starting Air System

• Exhaust Gas Turbocharging

• Operation Of Auxiliary Engines

• Engine Operations and Safety

• Operating Troubles

• Conclusion (3)

• Maintenance of Auxiliary Diesels

• Precautions for Maintenance

• Filters

• Crankcase Inspection

• Crankshaft Deflection

• Cylinder Head assembly

• Inlet and Exhaust Valves

• Air Start Valve

• Fuel Injector

• Indicator and Safety Valve

• Rocker Arm Assembly

• Piston Assembly

• Piston

• Connecting Rod

• Cylinder Liner

• Fuel Pumps

• Overhaul Procedure

• Fuel Pump Timing

• Case study

• Some Major Repairs

• Conclusion (4)

• Additional Information

• Downloads

• References

• External link

• Safety of Turbine Operations

• Turbine Systems

• Turbine Steam Inlet System

• Turbine Gland Sealing System

• Turbine Drain System

• Turbine Running

• Warming Through a Turbine Plant

• Emergency Running of Damaged Turbines

• Steam Turbine Losses

• Control of Power and Speed of Propulsion

• Throttle Valve Control and Nozzle Control

• Maneuvering Valves

• Emergency Controls and Turbine Operations

• A Modern Maneuvering and Safety Control System (Stal Laval)

• Propulsive Characteristics of Steam Turbine

• Propeller curve, Propeller design point, Fouled hull, sea margin and heavy propeller

• Steam power plant and Propeller matching

• Continuous service rating of Turbines

• Limits for continuous operation

• Reduced Power Operations

• Throttling and Nozzle Control

• Efficiency Losses during reduced power operation

• Astern Running

• Overload operation of Turbines

• Evaluate plant performance and analysis

• Turbine Performance and Losses

• Speed Governing and Safety Protection System

• Speed Governor- Main Turbine

• Turbine Automation Systems

• Interlock Functions

• GE Turbine Automation

• Safety, Emergency and Watchkeeping Practices

• Safety of Operations and Watchkeeping

• Auxiliary Boiler Safety

• High Pressure Boiler Safety

• Important Operating Precautions

• Emergency and Abnormal Running Condition

• Maintain Boiler Water Level

• Low Water Casualties

• High Water Level Casualties

• Fireroom Safety

• Hazards of stored Energy

• Boiler Furnace Flareback

• Purging Combustion Spaces prior to Lighting Off or Relighting Fires

• Burner Flame Failure

• Fuel Accumulations in Boiler Furnaces

• Utilizing Torch to Light Fires

• Air Before Fuel

• Loss of Forced Draft Fan

• Warming and Draining Steam Lines

• Boiler Safety Valves

• High Steam Pressure

• Dangers of Flue Gas

• Fuel Leaks

• Steam Leaks

• High Pressure Feed Water Leaks

• Hot Condensate Leaks

• Following Boiler Manufacturer’s Guidelines

• Fire and Explosion Hazards

• Uptake Economizer Fire

• Wind Box or Inner Casing Fire

• Other Failures

• Adjust Main Feed Pumps

• Feedflow adjustments

• Assist Blowing Tubes

• Soot blowers (2)

• Sootblowers for High Pressure Boilers (2)

• Diamond Retractable Soot Blower (2)

• Maintenance of burner systems

• Change and Clean Atomizers

• Check for Carbon, Punch Carbon, Clean Register Drains

• Assist Blowing Down

• Steam Turbine Safety

• Casualty Control- boiler plant

• Maintenance and troubleshooting

• Regular Maintenance Procedures

• Boiler Survey

• Troubleshooting Procedures

• Casualty Control- turbine plant

• Maintenance of Steam Turbine

• At Sea Checks

• In Port Maintenance

• Vibration in Marine Steam Turbine

• Fundamentals of Vibration

• Critical Speed and Nodal Drive

• Causes and Types of Turbine Vibration

• Vibration Measurement

• Breakdown and Fault Finding