header-logo.png

Ship's Safety ,Environmental Protection and Personnel care (SSEP2)

Course Topics

  • 1.0 International Treaties, Conventions, Protocols, Rules, Legislations and Regulations and Law of the Sea 1982 (UNCLOS)
  • Law of the sea (UNCLOS)
  • Baseline and Internal Waters
  • Territorial Waters
  • Continental shelf
  • Exclusive Economic Zone
  • Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone
  • Define International Straits
  • High seas
  • UNCLOS on Marine Pollution
  • The Law of the Seas as implemented in India
  • ACT-1976 as amended
  • OTHER MARITIME ZONES
  • Model Questions and Answers
  • International Maritime Organisation (IMO) 1948
  • Organs of the IMO
  • Maritime stakeholders
  • Method of adoption of International Regulations
  • Developing International Conventions
  • Role of IMO and Flag States
  • IMO Conventions by Ratification process, Establishment of Convention
  • Maritime Laws
  • Resolution-Introduction, Proposal and Adoption
  • Tacit Acceptance in LL Convention
  • IMO Circulars
  • Implementing International Conventions
  • Flag State Legislation-Implementation and Verification
  • Model Questions and Answers (2)
  • IMO's Conventions Safety, Pollution, Liability and Compensation, and related other subjects
  • Key IMO Conventions
  • SOLAS Convention 1974
  • Contents of SOLAS
  • Ship Certificates Documents under SOLAS
  • Regulatory Surveys and Penalities
  • Documents and Certificates to be carried on board
  • Procedure to determine applicability of regulations to ships of different builds
  • SOLAS Updates and Amendments
  • Model question and answer
  • MARPOL
  • Sources and Effects of Marine Pollution
  • MARPOL Convention
  • MARPOL Annex I - Oil
  • Application and Exemption
  • Pumping out Bilges and During tank Cleaning
  • Survey Requirements
  • IOPP certificate and its duration and validity
  • Requirements for Machinery spaces
  • Oil fuel tank protection
  • Standard Discharge Connections
  • Oil Content MonitorBilge Alarm Monitor
  • Bilge Oil Separator
  • Oil Record Book Part I and Part II
  • PSC and Control of Operational Discharge of Oil
  • Requirements for the cargo area of oil tankers
  • Segregated Ballast Tanks (SBT's)
  • Double hull and double bottom requirements for oil tankers (for tankers delivered on, before or after 6th July, 1996)
  • Prevention of oil pollution from oil tankers carrying heavy grade oil as cargo
  • Pump Room Bottom Protection
  • Accidental Oil Outflow Performance
  • Hypothetical Outflow of Oil from Tanker due to damage
  • Limitations of size and arrangement of cargo tanks
  • Intact Stability, Subdivisions and Damaged Stability
  • Slop Tanks
  • Pumping, Piping and Discharge Arrangements
  • Systems and Arrangements
  • Crude Oil Washing Requirements
  • Equipment
  • MARPOL Equipment List
  • SOPEP
  • Reception Facilities
  • Pollution prevention- STS operations
  • Requirements for the Antarctic
  • MARPOL Annex II - NLS
  • Categorization and Listing of Noxious Liquid Substances (NLS) and Other Substances
  • Surveys
  • Duration and validity of the Certificate
  • Design, Construction, Arrangement and Equipment
  • Procedures and Arrangements Manual (P & A Manual)
  • Operational Discharges of residues of NLS
  • Measures of control by port States
  • Reception Facilities and Cargo unloading terminal arrangements
  • Shipboard Marine Pollution Emergency Plan-SMPEP
  • Discharge Criteria for Annex II
  • MARPOL Annex III - IMDG Code
  • Classification of IMDG Cargo
  • Packing, Marking and Labeling
  • Stowage of DG
  • Dangerous Goods in Containers
  • Documentation and other Regulations
  • Port state control on operational requirements
  • Summary of Annex III Regulations
  • MARPOL Annex IV- Sewage
  • Surveys and Issue of Certificate and validity - PSC Verification
  • Equipment Sewage System
  • Sewage Treatment Plant
  • Discharge Criteria
  • Reception facilities and holding tanks
  • MARPOL Annex V - Garbage, PSC and operational requirements
  • Annex V requirements and Type of garbage
  • Application and Exception
  • Placards, garbage management plans and garbage record-keeping
  • Disposal of Garbage outside and within special areas
  • Reception Facilities (2)
  • Garbage Record Book
  • MARPOL Annex VI - Air
  • Definitions, Application and Exemptions
  • Surveys (2)
  • Issue or endorsement of Certificates
  • PSC detection of violations and enforcement
  • Ozone-Depleting Substances
  • Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)
  • Sulfur Oxides (SOX) and particulate matter
  • Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
  • Shipboard Incineration
  • Reception Facilities (3)
  • Fuel Oil Availability and Quality
  • Fuel Oil Supply Availability and Quality Requirements (FOSAR)
  • Special Areas and PSSAs
  • Introduction to Air Pollution in merchant ships
  • Brief overview of Air Emissions
  • Some methods to reduce Air Emissions
  • SOX, Soot, smoke and particulate matter
  • NOx
  • Introduction to Regulations on prevention of Air Pollution from Ships
  • Legislation
  • Wash water criteria
  • System Guidelines
  • Emissions Monitoring
  • EGC System Approval
  • Possible ways for compliance
  • Exhaust Gas Cleaning System Guidelines
  • Energy Efficiency on ships
  • Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI)
  • Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP)
  • Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator (EEOI)
  • Energy Efficiency Calculations
  • Model Questions and Answers (3)
  • Pollution Casualties and Criminalization of Seafarers
  • Criminalization of Seafarers in Pollution Related Cases
  • STCW 1978
  • STCW Amendments
  • Conventions on Maritime Safety
  • LOAD LINE 1966
  • Freeboard as related to Load Lines
  • Tabular data for Freeboard
  • Openings on the Deck and Sides of the Ship
  • Stability Aspects for Ships Carrying “Timber Deck Cargoes”
  • Note on the load lines of Tankers
  • International Convention on Load Lines, 1966
  • Surveys and Markings
  • Duration and Validity
  • Control
  • Regulations for Determining Load Lines (Annex 1 of the Convention)
  • Some Important Definitions
  • Load Line Mark
  • Identification of the Assigning Authority and Details of Marking
  • Conditions of Assignment of Freeboard
  • Freeboards
  • Corrections
  • Super structures
  • Trunks
  • Deduction for Superstructures and Trunks
  • Sheer
  • Minimum Bow Height
  • Minimum Freeboard
  • Loadline Surveys
  • LOADLINE Amendments
  • CSC 1972
  • SAR 1979
  • SUA 1988
  • COLREG 1972
  • Conventions on Prevention of Marine Pollution- Liability claims and compensations - IMO instruments
  • LLMC Convention
  • CLC Convention
  • Fund Convention- IOPC funds
  • HNS funds Convention
  • Bunker Convention 2001
  • OPRC Convention
  • Nairobi Wreck Removal Convention 2007
  • AFS Convention
  • Dumping Convention
  • Intervention Convention
  • Hong Kong Recycling Convention
  • BWM Convention
  • BWM 2004
  • Ballast Water Management
  • Procedures and Arrangement Manual
  • BWM - Possible Treatment Methods
  • Ballast Water Treatment Process--Filtration
  • Ballast Water Treatment Process--Chemical Disinfection
  • Ballast Water Treatment Process--Physical Disinfection
  • BWTTechnologies
  • Other Conventions
  • TONNAGE 1969
  • Some important definitions (2)
  • Basic Philosophy of Tonnage Computation
  • Tonnage Computation
  • Application of the International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships
  • Some Comments on Tonnage Measurements
  • TONNAGE Amendments
  • IMO Codes
  • IBC code 1983
  • IBC Amendments
  • BCH Amendments
  • IGC code 1983
  • IGC Amendments
  • LSA code 1998
  • LSA Amendments
  • FSS code 2000
  • FSS Amendments
  • CASUALTY INVESTIGATION Code 2008
  • ISM code 1998
  • Safety Management System (SMS)
  • Responsibilities and Authority
  • Resources and Personnel
  • Shipboard Operations and Emergencies
  • Reports and Analysis
  • Maintenance
  • Documentation and Auditing
  • Certification
  • ISM Amendments
  • ISPS code 2002
  • Requirements of ISPS Code
  • Methods of dealing with stowaways
  • Hijacking of ships, armed robbery piracy
  • Best Management Practices
  • Guidelines Provided by Indian Authorities
  • IMB, PRC, UKMTO, MSCHOA and BMP as per MSC Circulars
  • Current Industry best management practices (from ICS)
  • ISPS Amendments
  • Ship Security Plan MANUALI
  • Ship Security Plan - 1
  • Ship Security Plan - 2
  • Ship Security Plan - 3
  • Ship Security Plan - 4
  • Ship Security Plan - 5
  • IMDG code 2002
  • Classification of IMDG Cargo (2)
  • Use of IMDG Code
  • Segregation Table
  • Dangerous Goods
  • Recent amendments to IMDG code
  • IMDG Amendments
  • IS code 2008
  • IS Amendments
  • FTP code 2010
  • FTP Amendments
  • ESP code 2011
  • ESP Amendments
  • NOISE code 2014
  • NOISE Code Amendments
  • RO code 2015
  • IGF code 2015
  • IGF Amendments
  • IMO Instruments Implementation (III) Code 2016
  • IMSBC code 2008
  • IMSBC Amendments
  • INF code 2001
  • INF Amendments
  • International Institutions
  • BIMCO
  • IACS
  • IALA
  • IAPH
  • ICS
  • IFSMA
  • IMB
  • IMAREST
  • INTERMANAGER
  • INTERCARGO
  • INTERTANKO
  • ISF
  • ITF
  • OCIMF
  • SIGTTO
  • WHO
  • World Shipping Council
  • Knowledge of National Regulations- Indian Merchant Shipping Act
  • Certain Important definitions under MS ACT
  • Registration of Ships
  • About Registration of Ships
  • Why Registration
  • What is a Ship Registry
  • Selecting a Flag State
  • Explain (FOC) flags of convenience
  • The Registration Process
  • Registration Requirements of Various Flag States
  • Registration of Ships in India
  • Documents Required for Change of Flag
  • Resources
  • Engagement, discharge and management of crew
  • Manning Scales and Certifications
  • Certificates of Officers
  • Basic Entitlements of seamen and apprentices
  • Contracts of employment, wages and other remuneration, advances, allotments, payment into bank accounts
  • Descriptions, deceased seamen, engagement of substitutes
  • Repatriation, assisting and repatriating Indian seamen distressed abroad
  • On Board Complaints Procedures
  • The official log book and the law relating to entries
  • Entries required to be made in Official log books
  • Offences relating to misconduct, to endangering ship and against persons on board
  • Discipline and treatment of disciplinary offences
  • Civil liability for certain offences
  • Trade disputes involving seamen
  • The official log book entries and records in freeboard draft and allowances
  • Crew accommodation
  • Hygiene of the ship and welfare of the crew
  • Outline knowledge of the regulations relating to medical stores Inspection and reports
  • Fresh water and provisions
  • Procedures in cases of infectious disease, illness or accidents.
  • Maritime Declaration of health
  • Port health Requirements
  • International agreements and measures to prevent the spread of disease by shipping
  • The safety of the ship, crew and passengers
  • Some important provisions with respect to Safety
  • Unseaworthy and Unsafe Ships
  • Assistance of vessels in distress and salvage
  • Master's duties in the case of collision or any other accident Collecting Evidences Lodging Protests Inquires and Investigation
  • Duties of Master after collision
  • Certain Miscellaneous Provisions in MS ACT
  • 1.3.1 Method of adoption of National Regulations
  • 3.5 Ship inspections for first entry into Indian flag
  • Other Reculations
  • ILO
  • ILO Conventions
  • Structure of ILO
  • ILO 147
  • Occupational Health and Safety
  • MLC2006
  • Maritime Labour Convention 2006
  • Working hours
  • Condition of employment
  • Food, Accommodation and Recreation
  • Health protection
  • Complaints and Enforcement
  • Flag state responsibilities
  • Port State Responsibilities
  • Labour-Supplying responsibilities
  • IHR
  • International health regulations(IHR)
  • Crew
  • Free pratique
  • In Quarantine
  • Deratting Certificate
  • Requirements of ship Sanitation
  • Declaration of health
  • Place of Refuge
  • Indian Merchant Shipping Act
  • Some important definitions in the M.S. Act, 1958 (India)
  • Registration of Ships (2)
  • About Registration of Ships (2)
  • Why Registration (2)
  • What is a Ship Registry (2)
  • Selecting a Flag State (2)
  • The Registration Process (2)
  • Registration Requirements of various Flag States (2)
  • Registration of Ships in India (2)
  • Documents for Change of Flag
  • Resources (2)
  • Engagement, discharge and management of crew (2)
  • Manning scales and certification
  • Certificates of Officers (2)
  • Basic Entitlements of seamen and apprentices (2)
  • Contracts of employment, wages and other remuneration, advances, allotments, payment into bank accounts (2)
  • Descriptions, deceased seamen, engagement of substitutes (2)
  • Repatriation, assisting and repatriating Indian seamen distressed abroad (2)
  • On board Complaints Procedures (2)
  • The official log book and the law relating to entries (2)
  • Entries required to be made in Official log books (2)
  • Offences relating to misconduct, to endangering ship and against persons on board (2)
  • Discipline and treatment of disciplinary offences (2)
  • Civil liability for certain offences (2)
  • Trade disputes involving seamen (2)
  • The official log book entries and records in freeboard draft and allowances (2)
  • Crew accommodation (2)
  • Hygiene of the ship and welfare of the crew (2)
  • Outline knowledge of the regulations relating to medical stores Inspection and reports (2)
  • Fresh water and provisions (2)
  • Procedures in cases of infectious disease, illness or accidents
  • Maritime declarations of health
  • Requirements of ship Sanitation (2)
  • International health regulations(IHR) (2)
  • crew (2)
  • Free pratique (2)
  • In Quarantine (2)
  • Deratting Certificate (2)
  • The safety of the ship, crew and passengers (2)
  • Some important provisions with respect to Safety (2)
  • Unseaworthy Ships
  • Assistance of vessels in distress and salvage (2)
  • Master's duties in the case of collision or any other accident Collecting Evidences Lodging Protests Inquires and Investigation (2)
  • Duties of Master after collision (2)
  • CERTAIN MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS IN MS ACT (2)
  • Outline of Rules made under the Merchant Shipping Act
  • Port State Control
  • Understanding Port State Control
  • Port State Control (PSC)
  • Regional Memoranda of Understanding
  • Targeting
  • PSC Inspections
  • Priority Inspection
  • Expanded Inspection
  • Initial Inspection
  • Clear Grounds
  • In-depth Inspection
  • Security Inspection
  • Detailed Inspections by PSC
  • Machinery Spaces
  • Life-Saving Appliances (LSA) Fire Safety and Others
  • Guidelines for Discharge Requirements under Annexes I and II which may be Examined for Compliance by the PSCO
  • Guidelines for Control of Operational Requirements
  • Control under the provisions of MARPOL and STCW
  • Guidelines for Port State Control Related to the ISM Code
  • Action Taken Codes used by the PSCO subsequent to an Inspection and Voyage Permission
  • Contravention and Detention
  • Guidelines for Detention of Ship
  • BanningDetention Orders and Appeal
  • Port State Inspection- Precautions Preventive measures by Ship Staff
  • Preparing for Inspections
  • General Checklist
  • Reduce the risk of detention--Classification Recommendation, ISM SECA related deficiencies
  • Detainable Deficiency
  • Flag State Control
  • Define the Duties of a Flag State
  • Explain the role of the Flag State
  • Flag State responsibilities as defined by the International Chamber of Shipping (ICS) and The International Shipping Federation (ISF)
  • International Institutions (2)
  • BIMCO (2)
  • IACS (2)
  • IALA (2)
  • IAPH (2)
  • ICS (2)
  • IFSMA (2)
  • IMB (2)
  • IMAREST (2)
  • INTERMANAGER (2)
  • INTERCARGO (2)
  • INTERTANKO (2)
  • ISF (2)
  • ITF (2)
  • OCIMF (2)
  • SIGTTO (2)
  • WHO (2)
  • World Shipping Council (2)
  • Safety and Security
  • Hazardous area in Ships and safe working practice -- Introduction and References
  • Hazardous area in Ships and safe working practice-Safe Access to Ships and Hazards in moving about the Ships
  • Emergency procedure Entering Enclosed or confined spaces
  • Lifting Heavy Loads and Handling Tools
  • Hot work
  • Working on the deck and bad weather
  • Working in Machinery Spaces and Hazards in Accommodation
  • Working with Electrical Equipment
  • Exposure to dangerous substances and Chemicals
  • Working with Wire and Fibre ropes and Lifting Gears
  • Ship Specific Hazards
  • Transported by water -ToFrom Ship
  • PST and LSA
  • Introduction to Safety
  • Changes in SOLAS Convention
  • Onboard Training
  • Training Manual and training aids
  • Muster List and Emergency Instructions
  • Immersion Suits and Thermal Protective Aids
  • Donning Procedure
  • Inspection and Testing
  • Thermal Protective Aid
  • Donning Procedure (2)
  • Rescue Techniques
  • Rescue Operation
  • Rescue Nature
  • Casualty Handling
  • Rescue and man-overboard Procedures
  • Principles of Survival
  • Methods of Helicopter Rescue
  • Life Boat Engines and Accessories
  • Evacuation and Abandoning Ship
  • Pyrotechnics
  • Non-Pyrotechnics
  • Operation of Survival Craft and Rescue Boats
  • Launching Operation in rough weather
  • Launching appliances
  • Launching Life Boats
  • Launching Life Rafts
  • LIFE SAVING EQUIPMENT MANUAL
  • Life sgving equipment
  • Life boat
  • Rescue Boat
  • Emergency escape and breathing device
  • Inflatable liferaft
  • Life boat engine
  • Life raft and Life Boat
  • Rescue transponder
  • Life saving slewing crane
  • Medical care
  • Practical Applications of Medical Guides
  • Process of Radio Medical Advice
  • Actions for Accident or Illness on board
  • First Aid
  • First Aid Symbol
  • First Aid Kit
  • Heart Attack
  • Airway Obstruction
  • Chest Thrusts
  • Rescue Breathing
  • Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
  • Electrical Shock
  • Injury Requiring First Aid
  • Minor
  • Major
  • Fracture
  • Joint Dislocation
  • Emergency Preparedness
  • Training of Seafarers
  • Drug and Alcohol
  • Drug and Alcohol Policy
  • Drug Abuse and Treatment
  • Amphetamine
  • Anabolic steroids
  • Cocaine
  • Heroine
  • Inhalants
  • Marijuana
  • Morphine
  • Alcoholism
  • Acute and Chronic Alcoholism
  • Causes of Alcoholism
  • Effects of Chronic Alcoholism
  • Central Nervous System
  • Treatment of Alcoholism
  • Abstinence
  • Medication
  • Nutrition and Diet
  • Home Remedies
  • Psychotherapy
  • Case Study and Exercise
  • Prevention of AIDS
  • About the Virus
  • HIV Life Cycle
  • HIV Transmission
  • Signs and Symptoms
  • Treatment
  • Therapy
  • Therapy (2)
  • Hypothermia
  • How is Heat Lost from the Body
  • How does the Body defend Cold
  • Causes and Effects of Hypothermia
  • Symptoms, prevention and treatment
  • Hypothermia at Sea and Survival
  • Response in Case of Accidents
  • First Aid for Hypothermia
  • Stages in Immersion
  • Survival in Lifesaving Crafts
  • Conclusion
  • Abandonship Drills
  • SOLAS onboard drill requirements
  • Detail of the Abandonship Drill Process
  • Knowledge of the operation of Survival Craft and Rescue boat
  • Launching appliances and arrangements
  • Abandon Ship Drill
  • Satellite EPIRBs and SARTs
  • SART
  • Portable VHF
  • EPIRB
  • Contingency Planning
  • Shipboard Contingency Plan
  • Company's Response Plan
  • Precautions against fire and explosions, fire prevention, detection and extinction
  • Ventilation
  • Ventilation of shipboard spaces
  • Ventilation of Engineroom
  • Cargo Space Ventilation
  • Natural and Mechanical Ventilation
  • Component Maintenance
  • Theory of Fire
  • Chemistry of Fire
  • Classes of Fire
  • Propagation of Fire
  • Fire Control Aboard Ships
  • Knowledge of fire-fighting systems
  • Prevention and detection of fire and explosions
  • Fire Prevention
  • Means of Escape
  • Inerting of Tanks
  • Gas Freeing of Tanks
  • Ship Construction Arrangement
  • Fire Detection
  • Smoke
  • Heat
  • Flame
  • Cargo Hold Smoke Extraction
  • Fire detection Alarms
  • Fire Alarm System Manual
  • Instruction
  • Inner Alarm System
  • Installation Manual
  • Instruction manual
  • Service & Maintenance Manual
  • User Guide
  • Limitations in the use of oils as fuel
  • Restrictions required to be adhered to on board
  • Important Measures to Prevent Fire in Engine Rooms and Cargo Pump rooms
  • Oil Fuel Tanks
  • General Requirements
  • Arrangement of Fuel Oil Tanks
  • Some Important Requirements of Oil Fuel Tanks as per Rules of the Lloyds Register of Shipping
  • Fuel Oil Settling Tanks
  • Oil fuel piping
  • Rules and Requirements
  • Class requirements of Lloyds’ Register of Shipping
  • Cargo Pumping System
  • Pump Room Protection
  • Protection of Cargo Pump-Rooms
  • Introduction
  • Basic Functional Requirements of the IG System
  • Applicability of IG Systems
  • Basic Components of IG Systems
  • Deck Water Seals
  • Fire Detectors and Alarms
  • Operational and Control Requirements of an IG System
  • Inert Gas System
  • Inert Gas Generator
  • Instruction manual (2)
  • Layouts
  • Fireman's outfit and International Shore Connection
  • Fire mains, fire hydrants, hoses and nozzles
  • FIRE PUMPS
  • Number and capacity of fire pumps
  • Ready Availability of water supply for suppression of fire
  • Diameter of fire mains
  • ISOLATING VALVES AND RELIEF VALVES
  • Number and position of hydrants
  • Number and diameter of fire hoses
  • Size and types of nozzles
  • Emergency Fire Pump Manual in pdf
  • FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT MANUAL
  • Control Repeater
  • Fire fighting suit
  • Flamable and toxic gas detection control system
  • Flame Detector
  • Gas sensors
  • IS gas Detector, Base adapter, Safe isolator
  • Fire Extinguishing material
  • Pop up system - Helideck
  • Types of Fire Extinguisher
  • Water based fire fighting system
  • Instruction manual (3)
  • Mixed Water Mist System
  • Weter mist fire detection and Alarm control - Installatior and Instruction
  • Installation
  • Instruction manual (4)
  • Wet chemical fire fighting system
  • Water sprinkler system
  • Emergency Fire Pump Manual in pdf (2)
  • Fire Control Plan
  • Fire,control valve and pneumatic tank 1
  • Portable fire-fighting appliances
  • Inspection of portable fire extinguishers
  • Arrangement of portable fire extinguishers
  • Spare Charges for portable fire extinguishers
  • Fixed Fire extinguishing systems
  • Closing appliances, for machinery space
  • Fixed gas fire extinguishing systems
  • Requirements for Cargo Spaces
  • Fixed Extinguishing Systems
  • CO2 System
  • Fire extinguishing medium and storage cylinders
  • CO2 Piping
  • Alarms and Controls
  • Quantity of Fire-extinguishing medium
  • Maintenance of CO2 system
  • Sprinkler System
  • NOVEC 1230
  • Fixed Gas Fire Extinguishing System
  • Fixed Foam Extinguishing System
  • High Pressure Water Mist Drenching System
  • Ship Fire Fighting Organisations
  • Fire control plan and muster list
  • Personnel safety procedures
  • Patrol systems
  • Radio Equipment and Communication
  • Conclusion (2)
  • Training of Seafarers in Fire fighting
  • Periodic Shipboard Drills
  • Training ashore and onboard
  • Operational Readiness
  • Instructions, Onboard Training and Fire Drills
  • Emergency Preparedness (2)
  • Procedures for Fire Fighting
  • Inspection and Servicing of Fire Appliances and Equipment
  • Fire Fighting Process Hazards
  • Spread of Fire
  • Combustible Products
  • Flashover and Backdraft
  • BLEVE
  • Dry Distillation
  • Boiler Uptake Fire
  • Container Fire
  • Paint Locker Fire
  • Fire Investigations and Reporting
  • Case studies
  • Ship security (ISPS)
  • Implementing ISPS Code
  • Scope of ISPS Code
  • Emergency Response
  • General Alarm
  • Fire and Explosion
  • Fire Alarm
  • Action to be Taken
  • Small Fire
  • Extensive Fire
  • Casualty Management
  • Conclusion (3)
  • Abandon Ship Procedure
  • Other Shipboard Emergencies
  • Collision, Flooding and Blackout
  • Grounding and Beaching
  • Oil Pollution
  • Search and Rescue
  • Medical Emergencies
  • Emergency Steering
  • Emergency in Port
  • Emergency Towing Arrangements
  • Conclusion (4)
  • Proceedings with Third PartyMedia
  • Learning from Accident Reports
  • Leadership and Marygerial Skills
  • Personnel Maragement and Training
  • Officer as Ship's Manager
  • Groups and Teams
  • Planning and Your Role
  • The Planning Cycle
  • Control (2)
  • Acquire skills
  • Motivation
  • Handle Problems
  • Conflict at Work
  • Race, Culture and Gender
  • Stress in Self and Others
  • Lead by Example
  • Team Performance
  • Maintenance Management
  • Human Resources
  • Cultural Diversity and Communications
  • Understanding Cultural Differences
  • Race, Culture and Gender Issues
  • Language Barriers
  • Shipboard Organization
  • Engineering Organization and Procedures
  • Knowledge of the Company Policies and Organizational Structures
  • Knowledge of the Company Policies and Organizational Structures (2)
  • Organization on board
  • Organization on Shore
  • Company Policies and Objectives
  • Case Study 1
  • Exercise and Conclusion
  • Planning and Coordination
  • Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)
  • Organization of Work and People
  • Standing Watch
  • At Sea
  • In Port
  • Under UMS
  • Duties and Zones of Responsibilities
  • Organizational Hierarchy and Responsibility
  • Organization Structure
  • Ship Emergency Response Plan
  • Case Study 5
  • Physical Resources
  • Record Keeping
  • Administration of Records
  • Control and Storage of Records
  • Document Management
  • Document Management System Setup
  • Change Request Type
  • Manage Document
  • Adding Document
  • Initiate Request
  • Initiate Request - Authorization
  • Checkout Document
  • Review Request - Uploading Document
  • Review Request - Authorization
  • Checkin Document
  • Document History
  • Inventory' Management
  • Components
  • Transfer Component
  • Bonds
  • Receipt
  • Consumption
  • Adjustment
  • Books
  • Receipt (2)
  • Adjustment (2)
  • Charts
  • Corrections (2)
  • Medicines
  • Receipt (3)
  • Consumption (2)
  • Adjustment (3)
  • Oils
  • Receipt (4)
  • Consumption (3)
  • Adjustment (4)
  • Parts
  • Attribute
  • Receipt (5)
  • Adjustment (5)
  • Provisions
  • Receipt (6)
  • Consumption (4)
  • Adjustment (6)
  • Stores
  • Receipt (7)
  • Consumption (5)
  • Adjustment (7)
  • Qiuz
  • Planned Maintenance System (PMS)
  • Maintenance Planning
  • Maintenance Transfer
  • Maintenance Completion
  • Unscheduled Maintenance
  • Daily Routines
  • Running Hours
  • Component Replacement
  • Maintenance Rescheduling
  • Parameter Recording
  • Completion
  • Calibration Details
  • Completion (2)
  • Reschedule
  • Safety Alarms Planning
  • Completion (3)
  • Reschedule (2)
  • Purchase Management
  • Introduction (2)
  • Process Flow
  • Requisition
  • Log in to Ship Manager 7.0
  • Open the Requisition page
  • Provide requisition details
  • Provide requisition quantity details
  • Save purchase request
  • RFQ
  • Export RFQ details to Excel
  • Send RFQ to suppliers
  • Vendor Selection
  • Import RFQ
  • Quotation Comparison
  • Purchase Order
  • Material Receipt
  • Invoice
  • Repairs Management
  • Repairs Job Completion
  • Commercials
  • Quotation
  • Quotation Comparison (2)
  • Work Order
  • Invoice (2)
  • Service Completion
  • Safety and Security (2)
  • Audit
  • Schedule
  • Checklist Completion
  • Conduct Record and Followup
  • Inspection
  • Schedule (2)
  • Checklist Completion (2)
  • Conduct Record and Followup (2)
  • Meeting
  • Conduct Record and Followup (3)
  • Drill
  • Conduct Record and Followup (4)
  • Incidents
  • Injury
  • Near Miss
  • Master Review
  • Voyage Performance
  • Departure Details
  • Daily Details
  • Arrival Details
  • Software for Ship Operation
  • IT Systems for Ship Management
  • Planned Maintenance System
  • Task and Workload Management
  • Effective Communication Processes
  • Communication is Understanding
  • Communication
  • Interpersonal Communication
  • Team Building
  • Characteristics of a Team
  • Dealing with Different Types of People
  • Why Teams Fail
  • How to Sustain Team Effectiveness
  • Planning and Coordination (2)
  • Standing Watch (2)
  • At Sea (2)
  • In Port (2)
  • Unmanned Missionary Space
  • Duties and Zones of Responsibilities (2)
  • Organizational hierarchy and responsibilities
  • Organization Structure (2)
  • Ship Response Plan
  • Personal Assignment
  • Time and Resource Constraints
  • Prioritization
  • Steps in Goal Setting
  • Advantages of Goal Setting
  • How to Set Goals
  • Management Process and Functions
  • SOP or the Lack of it
  • Negotiation Skills
  • Negotiating with Shipyards
  • Negotiating with Service Providers
  • Effective Negotiation
  • Situational Awareness
  • Elements of Good Situation Awareness
  • Watch-Keeper Role
  • Fault Detection
  • Loss of Situation Awareness
  • Failures and Preventions
  • Pneumatic Failure
  • Electronic Failure
  • Electric Failure
  • Hydraulic Failure
  • Causes and Remedies
  • Understanding Emergencies
  • Planning Emergency Response
  • Errors and Error Chains
  • The Domino theory
  • The Reason's model
  • Multiple cause theory
  • What are the causes
  • Case Study
  • The Human Element
  • Conclusion (217)
  • Risk Assessment
  • Managing Risk
  • Regulatory requirements
  • Assessing Risk
  • Risk assessment methods
  • Risk Assessment for the Engineroom
  • Decision Making
  • Story of John
  • Process of Decision Making
  • Lack of Decision Making Skills
  • Four Types of Decision Makers
  • Outcome effectiveness
  • Exercise on Outcome Effectiveness and Correction
  • Stress and Fatigue Management
  • Stress - Types and Causes
  • Stress in Different Situations
  • How to cope with stress
  • Nurture yourself
  • Prioritize and organize
  • Be practical
  • Fatigue Management
  • What is Fatique
  • Causes of Fatigue
  • Effects of Fatigue
  • How can you Protect Yourself from the Onset of Fatigue
  • What Rules and Regulations are in Place to Prevent and Deal with Fatigue
  • Case Study 1 - Hours of rest
  • Conclusion (5)
  • Project Management
  • Project Management Tools
  • Flow Chart
  • Gantt Chart
  • Cause and Effect Diagram
  • Critical Path Method
  • Management Skills
  • Workload management
  • Time Management
  • Cost Monitoring
  • Decision Making (2)
  • Resources (3)
  • Downloads
  • External Links
  • Additional Information
  • Downloads (2)
  • External Links (2)

1.0 International Treaties, Conventions, Protocols, Rules, Legislations and Regulations and Law of the Sea 1982 (UNCLOS)

1.0 International Treaties, Conventions, Protocols, Rules, Legislations and Regulations and Law of the Sea 1982 (UNCLOS)

Learning objectives: After reading this topic, you will be able to 

  • Understand international treaties, conventions and protocols.
  • Understand law of the sea and zones of jurisdiction in sea.

 

Introduction : This section provides detail of international conventions/protocols/amendments/recommendations & guidelines/resolutions with respect to UNCLOS.



 

United Nations Organisation has been formed where in all the countries are members to manage the affairs, implement international agreements and manage them effectively. UN has got many organisations to manage, Trade, Health, Education etc.



 

“Treaty” means an international agreement concluded between States in written form and governed by international law, whether embodied in a single instrument or in two or more related instruments and whatever its particular designation;



 

A State may also sign a treaty "subject to ratification, acceptance or approval".  In such a situation, signature does not signify the consent of a State to be bound by the treaty, although it does oblige the State to refrain from acts which would defeat the object and purpose of the treaty until such time as it has 



 

A State is obliged to refrain from acts which would defeat the object and purpose of a treaty when:

It has signed the treaty or has exchanged instruments constituting the treaty subject to ratification, acceptance or approval, until it shall have made its intention clear not to become a party to the treaty; or

It has expressed its consent to be bound by the treaty, pending the entry into force of the treaty and provided that such entry into force is not unduly delayed.



 

To manage the maritime activities around the globe, International Maritime Organisation (IMO) has been formed. IMO – the International Maritime Organization – is the United Nations specialized agency with responsibility for the safety and security of shipping and the prevention of marine and atmospheric pollution by ships, having its head quarters in London has 174 member countries.



 



 

Some understanding of the following important instruments used by UN will be useful:

  • Conventions
  • Protocols
  • Amendments
  • Recommendations and guidelines
  • Resolutions

 

Conventions: the other name for the Treaty is a written agreement between UN and the other  countries. The convention process normally starts after an incident happens. The convention in a draft form can be proposed and introduced by a Member state or by group of member states. The UN Secretariat will study the feasibility of proposal,  circulate among the members and put on vote on a notified day. If successful in voting, the convention is adopted. Please note that the convention is not a law in itself. A convention becomes a law when it is implemented in a country’s own legal system meaning that only after every member country will have to make it as a law in their country, which takes a long time for the convention to come into effect.  

 

Each member state must accept the details mentioned in conventions put forth by the UN abides by the rules and regulations put forth by the UN and agree to international supervision required under such conventions. Signature, ratification, acceptance, approval and accession are different ways in which a member country can give their consent to be bound by the convention.



 

Some conventions may take many years to come into force as drafting, changes, approval, acceptance and implementing takes time making a new convention a tedious and time consuming process. Hence it is better to amend the existing convention instead of introducing a new convention each time for the same or similar purpose.

 

Protocols: If there are some changes required to the Convention which has been adopted but not yet come into force, it is normally done by introducing a Protocol indicating changes to conventions. It is normally happens when a country is trying make the convention as a law in their country, get into some legal issues and request for some changes in the Convention.



 

A protocol is one of the ways in which a convention can be modified. When a major amendment is to be incorporated on regulations of the convention, a protocol is called among the countries, who are signatory of the original convention when it was signed and approved. E.g. for MARPOL 73/78, the year 1973 in which the act was passed was the convention and in 1978 what was passed was the protocol.



 

A protocol is used for the modification of an IMO convention when

  • There is a significant change to the original convention
  • When a new chapter is added to the original convention. For example, when MARPOL Annex VI was added to the MARPOL 73/78 Convention.
  • When a change is applicable to the all the chapters
  • When IMO feels, the change need to be brought by the protocol



 

The amendments by protocols are not binding on all the states that have ratified the original convention. The amendments by the protocols are only binding to the states that ratify the new protocol.

 

Amendments: If some or all clauses of the convention are modified by the introduction of Protocol is and Amendment or we can simply state that Amendments are the reforms that are needed in a convention backed by the protocols.

 

Recommendations and guidelines: is a document linked to a convention, which is yet to be accepted, hence not a legally accepted / binding one for all the member states. Normally the member country(s) brought in the 'Recommendations and guidelines' has /have made it as a law in their country(s)



 

Resolutions: Resolutions are the finalized documents on any convention based on the  recommendation or amendment and are accepted or passed by the required number of member countries

 

Please Note that for a resolution to come into effect, after one or more member countries, propose the resolution

  • The Organization needs to review the resolution proposal
  • Resolution need to be adopted by the required numbers of member countries and finally
  • Resolution needs the acceptance by the member governments
  • Then resolution enters into force after a fixed acceptance time.



 

UNCLOS: The Law of the Sea Convention defines the rights and responsibilities of nations with respect to their use of the world's oceans, establishing guidelines for businesses, the environment, and the management of marine natural resources



 

After the Second World War, the US first proclaimed its continental shelf in 1945 and later proclaimed to conserve fisheries. Many countries followed that and started claiming territorial sovereignty in the sea as far out as they wanted. That required an immediate action by appraisal of the international law of the sea.



 

Numerous articles were prepared and circulated among the UN Member States between 1959 and 1961 by the International Law Commission. Eventually, the UNCLOS, later to be known as UNCLOS-I was adopted in a conference held in Geneva in 1958 where four treaties were debated and adopted. UNCLOS-I was not ratified by most countries.



 

The delay in ratification of UNCLOS-I led to the adoption of UNCLOS-II convened in 1960. The UNCLOS-II was still not satisfactorily addressing certain issues of the UNCLOS-I especially defining the width territorial seas. 



 

A number of countries were becoming independent states when decolonization increased and those states joined the UN without having to accept the regimes of UNCLOS.



 

The possibility arose where a larger and more powerful State could manipulate the UNCLOS and take unfair commercial advantage over the smaller states in untapped deep-sea resources.



 

The above mentioned arguments led to the adoption of UNCLOS –III in 1974. 117 States had signed the convention by the end of 1982 and it was finally concluded formally.



 

UNCLOS The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) also called the Law of the Sea Convention or the Law of the Sea treaty (1982)



 

UNCLOS has come into force internationally on 16th November 1994. However some countries including India have not yet enacted it in a national legislation.



 

UNCLOS has divided the various areas of the world's seas into Zones of Jurisdiction.

  • Internal waters
  • Territorial Waters
  • Archipelagic waters
  • Contiguous zones
  • Fisheries limits
  • Continental Shelf
  • Exclusive Economic Zone
  • High Seas



 

UNCLOS decides the coastal state jurisdiction in the waters mentioned above. None of the above zones are obligatory and each coastal state has options to adopt them or not, subject to a maximum limit.



 

The coastal state cannot impose its sovereignty in most of the zones, as it has limited rights.



 

A ship master must never assume that his vessel is inside or outside a particular zone. For details please consult Annual Notices to Mariners No. 12 (National Claim to Maritime Jurisdiction).



 

Countries have their boundaries clearly marked over land but it is not the case with the sea areas along their coasts. Countries have always wanted to hold control over their coastal waters. There has been a difficulty in deciding how far out into the sea a country should be able to exercise this right.