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Bridge Watch keeping, Ship Handling, Emergencies and Search and Rescue -(BWK) CM - II

Course Topics

  • Co-ordinate search and rescue operations
  • IAMSAR
  • IAMSAR vol 3
  • Search Patterns
  • MRCC
  • RCC
  • OSC
  • Reporting
  • Lookout Procedures
  • Surface Rescue Equipment and methods
  • Reception and interrogation of Survivors
  • Watchkeeping Arrangements and Procedures
  • Watchkeeping Under Different Conditions
  • Clear Visibility
  • Clear Weather Darkness
  • Restricted Visibility
  • Coastal and Restricted Waters
  • Navigation with Pilot on Board
  • When Vessel is at Anchor
  • Heavy Weather
  • Application and intent of COLREG 1972
  • Ensuring the adequacy of a navigational watch
  • Principles to be observed in keeping a Navigational watch
  • Factors deciding the composition of the watch on the bridge
  • Efficiency of the watch
  • Information exchange between the master and the pilot
  • Ensuring the adequacy of an engineering watch
  • Communication between chief engineer and master
  • Factors deciding the composition of watch in the Engine Room
  • Vessel Traffic Management System
  • Objectives of VTS
  • Responsibilities and Liability
  • SOLAS Regulation on VTS
  • Ship Reporting System
  • Ship Reporting Procedures
  • SOLAS Regulation on Ship Repotting Systems
  • IMO Ship's Routeing guide
  • Elements used in Ships Routeing Systems
  • SOLAS Regulation on Ships Routeing
  • Respond to navigational emergencies
  • Grounding
  • Pollution
  • Flooding
  • Main Engine Failure
  • Refloating of Vessel
  • LOF 2020
  • Methods of Helicopter Rescue
  • Communicating with the helicopter
  • Evacuation from ship and survival craft
  • Helicopter pick-up
  • Gyro Compass Failure
  • Contingency Plans for response to emergencies
  • Muster list and emergency signals
  • Assignment of duties to personnel
  • Composition of Emergency Teams
  • Dealing with heavy weather damage
  • Excessive Listing
  • Bilging and Flooding
  • Effect of Bilging
  • List due to Bilging
  • Permeability
  • Effect of Bilging on transverse stability
  • Effect of flooding on trim
  • Fire in specific areas
  • Accommodation space
  • Cargo space
  • Engine Room Machinery Space
  • Spillage of noxious substances
  • Piracy and Armed Robbery
  • Best Management Practices
  • IMB - PRC
  • UKMTO, MSCHOA
  • National regulations
  • Piracy Awareness
  • Anti-piracy measures
  • Measures to be taken in Emergencies for the Protection and Safety of the Ship, Passengers and Crew
  • Beaching a Vessel
  • Circumstances in which vessel is to be beached
  • Precautions to be taken while beaching
  • Stranding
  • Actions to be taken on Stranding
  • Initial Damage Assessment and Control
  • Sounding of Compartments
  • Sounding Depths all around the ship using hand lead line
  • Refloating of Stranded Ship
  • Distress or Urgency signal
  • Collision
  • Duties of Master after a collision
  • Measures to limit damage
  • Log Book Entries
  • Collision Mats
  • Protection and Safety of Passengers
  • Duties of crew members to assist passengers
  • Precautions for the protection of passengers
  • Limiting damage following fire or explosion
  • Cooling of Compartment Boundaries
  • Inspection for Damage
  • Procedures for making a man entry
  • Use of fixed fire fighting systems
  • Fixed COZ System
  • CO2 Piping
  • Alarms and Controls
  • Quantity of Fire-extinguishing medium
  • Maintenance of C02 system
  • Fixed foam system
  • Requirements of Fixed Deck Foam Systems
  • Storage Rooms of Fire-extinguishing the Fixed-foam Installation
  • Typical Fixed Foam (liquid induction) System for the deck of a Tanker
  • Fixed water fire extinguishing system
  • Rescue of persons from spaces
  • Procedure for abandoning ship
  • Situations under which to abandon ship
  • Duties of personnel
  • Distress call transmission until acknowledgement
  • Communications
  • Use of distress signals to attract attention
  • Launching of boats and liferafts in heavy weather
  • Auxiliary steering and Emergency steering gear
  • Change over bridge control to local control in the steering gear compartment
  • Standard emergency steering procedures
  • Proper communication from the bridge
  • Towing and being taken in Tow
  • Emergency Towing Booklet
  • Ocean Towing
  • Communication with the vessel being towed
  • Procedure for towing in rough weather
  • Bollard pull
  • Emergency Towing arrangements
  • Preparing Emergency Towing Procedures
  • Towing Equipment and Tools on Board Ship
  • Methods of Towing Disabled Ship
  • Maritime Assistance Service on Indian coast (when applicable)
  • Rescue of persons from a vessel in distress
  • Waiting for daylight
  • Selection of rescue boats
  • Man Overboard Procedures
  • Recovering a person from the sea in heavy weather
  • Action to take when a person is reported missing at sea
  • Manoeuvre and handle a ship in all conditions
  • Forces Effecting Ship Handling
  • Controllable
  • Propulsion systems
  • Rudders Propellers
  • Thrusters
  • Anchors
  • Tugs
  • Draft and Trim
  • Semi- Controllable
  • Uncontrollable
  • Wind
  • Current
  • Manoeuvering when approaching a pilot station
  • Passage planning (pilot embarkation)
  • Contact with the pilot
  • Preparation for picking up the pilot
  • Making a lee for the pilot boat
  • Wheelhouse Poster
  • Emergency stopping manoeuvers
  • Crash Stop
  • Rudder Cycling
  • Handling a ship in rivers, estuaries
  • Shallow water effect
  • Increased directional stability
  • Slow response by the steering at reduced speeds
  • Consideration for Current and Tide
  • Effect of Wind on a given Ship while Moving and when making Large Turns
  • Wind heeling criteria for high freeboard Ships
  • Squat
  • Berthing and Unberthing
  • Effect of wind
  • Effect of Current
  • Berthing withwithout tugs
  • Interaction between shipshore
  • Ship and Tug Interaction
  • Different types of tugs
  • Making up Tugs, alongside, on a tow line
  • Ship and Tug Interaction (2)
  • Pivot Point and Girding
  • Basic shiphandling manoeuvers with tugs
  • Placement of Tugs for Ship's work
  • Condition No wind or current
  • Condition Wind or current sets on to dock
  • Condition Wind or current sets parallel to dock
  • Tugboat Operations
  • Bank effect
  • Narrow channel effect
  • Overtaking in Narrow Channel
  • Advantages of controllable pitch propeller (CPP)
  • Manoeuvring with twin screws
  • Effects of Right Hand and Left Hand Propellers
  • Transverse thrust
  • Use of lateral thrusters
  • Use of Anchors in manoeuvering
  • Effects of rolling and pitching on UKC
  • Anchoring
  • Choice of anchorage
  • Swinging circle
  • Procedure of anchoring with one or two anchors in limited anchorages
  • Factors involved in determining the length of anchor cable
  • Dragging Anchor
  • Clearing foul hawse
  • Slipping of anchor
  • Running moor
  • Standing moor
  • Open moor
  • Mediterranean moor
  • Lighterage at Sea
  • Ship to Ship Transfer (STS)
  • Lighterage preparations for both vessels
  • Method of separating on completion of transfer operations
  • Dry-docking
  • Information required by Dry dock authorities
  • Critical condition
  • Use of bilge blocks and Breast shores
  • Precautions before flooding the dock
  • Floating dry dock
  • Critical period of Floating dry dock
  • Handling of Ships in Heavy Weather
  • Pooping
  • Broaching
  • Precautions prior onset of heavy weather
  • Synchronous and Parametric Rolling
  • Rolling period
  • Maneuvering characteristics
  • Track Reach, Head Reach and Side Reach
  • Turning Circle in shallow waters
  • Loss of Stability
  • Navigating in Ice
  • Types of Ice
  • Sources of information on ice condition
  • Sighting of ice open water
  • Icebreaker sterns
  • Navigating in or near ice
  • High latitude Navigation
  • Limitations of electronic positioning systems at high latitude
  • Limitations of radar targets and ice features in ice-clutter
  • Limitations in nautical charts and pilot descriptions
  • Limitations in communication systems
  • Precautions in entering ice
  • Accommodation on board ships in polar waters
  • Polar Code
  • Master's obligation to report
  • Freezing sprays
  • Effects of ice accretion on stability of vessel
  • Manoeuvering in and near Traffic Separation Schemes and VTS areas
  • Vessel Traffic Services (VTS)
  • Avoiding damage to other Ships and Structures
  • Launching rescue boats in bad Weather

Co-ordinate search and rescue operations

Co-ordinate search and rescue operations

National and regional SAR system organization

 

Many States have accepted the obligation to provide aeronautical and maritime SAR coordination and services on a 24-hour basis for their territories, territorial seas, and where appropriate, the high seas.

  • To carry out these responsibilities, States have established national SAR organizations, or joined one or more other States to form a regional SAR organization associated with an ocean area or continent.
  • A search and rescue region (SRR) is an area of defined dimensions associated with a rescue coordination centre (RCC) within which SAR services are provided.
  1. SRRs help to define who has primary responsibility for coordinating responses to distress situations in every area of the world, but they are not intended to restrict anyone from assisting persons in distress
  2. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) regional air navigation plans (RANPs) depict aeronautical SRRs
  3. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) Global SAR Plan depicts maritime SRRs.

Ship reporting systems and vessel tracking

  • Ship reporting systems have been established by several States.
  • Ships at sea may be the only craft near the scene of a distressed aircraft or vessel.
  • A ship reporting system enables the SMC to quickly:
  1. Identify vessels in the vicinity of a distress situation, along with their positions, courses, and speeds
  2. Be aware of other information about the vessels which may be valuable (whether a doctor is on board, etc.)
  3. Know how to contact the vessels
  4. Improve the likelihood of rapid aid during emergencies
  5. Reduce the number of calls for assistance to vessels unfavourably located to respond
  6. Reduce the response time to provide assistance.
  • Masters of vessels are urged or mandated to send regular reports to the authority operating a ship reporting system for SAR and other safetyrelated services.
  • Additional information on operators of ship reporting systems may be obtained from RCCs.
  • Automatic identification system (AIS) and long-range identification and tracking (LRIT) transmissions are also important for providing shore authorities with real or near real time vessel tracking data to support search and rescue.

Amver

 

Amver is one of many ship reporting systems. It is a world-wide system operated exclusively to support SAR and make information available to all RCCs.

  • There is no charge for vessels to participate in, nor for RCCs to use, Amver.
  • Many land-based providers of communications services world-wide relay ship reports to Amver free of charge.
  • Any merchant vessel of 1,000 gross tonnes or more on any voyage of greater than 24 h is welcome to participate.
  • Information voluntarily provided by vessels to Amver is protected by the US Coast Guard as commercial proprietary data and made available only to SAR authorities or others specifically authorized by the ship involved.

Underwater search and rescue

  • In the event a mobile facility has reason to suspect that an underwater accident has occurred, every effort should be made to contact the nearest rescue coordination centre. When accidents occur, survivors may be either on the surface or entrapped in a submarine resting on the seabed. Generally, medical care requirements for survivors of an underwater or submarine accident is specialized and competent medical advice is required. 
  • Vessels believing they have collided with a submarine, as with a collision with any vessel, should anticipate a requirement to provide SAR assistance. Further information on submarine SAR and its parallel activity, submarine escape and rescue, may be found at the website maintained by the International Submarine Escape and Rescue Liaison Office.